Deconstruction Free Essays

A post-structuralism adding looks to this chain of command so as to show that isn't continued all through such works, or indicating that he two terms are not oppositional yet are associated and interrelated (Senators 145). There is philosophical affirmation of the way that what people understanding and guarantee to think about this world show up only just as they are comprehended by the human psyche. Henceforth, there is a division made between the psychological appearance and the â€Å"things in themselves. We will compose a custom paper test on Deconstruction or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now † This sets stage for limitability of such work as fuses division of the things and the words, state of talks for the presence of things inside our insight or the frameworks of truth versus the genuine articles in the material world. Moreover Dermis’s exposition is typically troublesome since he IS made mindful of the issues of metallurgy, that is, the expressions, terms, allegories and jargon as utilized in the portrayal of culture and reasoning as communicated in words, and the turns and spots of illustration and talk we become tied up with when making and composing contentions (Wise 89). Deconstruction doesn’t mean destruction of truth or reality, yet sabotaging dreams in our philosophies and draw in that profess to raise obvious all inclusive or characteristic reason for conviction and information. The most effective method to refer to Deconstruction, Papers

Ecological property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. A Essay

Environmental property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. An investigation on the vegetation - Essay Example Biological property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. An examination on the vegetation The organization of these timberlands is controlled by the Directorate General of Forest preservation and backwoods security. It is arranged along the north, south and focal piece of the equator close by the Bukit Barisan mountain go. These three zones have a much characterized sort of widely varied vegetation, showing a ton of decent variety in their creation. By and large, these territories can be viewed as a hotbed for natural assorted variety. Be that as it may, the temperature can be supposed to be warm when all is said in done with higher temperatures, higher precipitation being experienced for nine months of the year in the wetter parts and seven months in the drier regions (Marshall et al., 2010). This has likewise been one of the contributing variables in the higher assortment of the species. The dampness can likewise be featured, as it will in general keep up a consistent estimation of near 60 percent, particularly over the elevations of 1,700 meters. By and large, the temp erature shows a consistency of being around 20-28 degree Celsius consistently (68 to 83 Fahrenheit). The Indonesian archipelago includes 10 percent of the number of inhabitants in blossoming plants and Sumatra is a piece of the Sundaland hotspot. It has probably the biggest rainforest in Southeast Asia, positioning along any semblance of Borneo and Papua New Guinea (Thornton, 1997). The quantity of types of plants that occupy this district is faltering. Right around 10,000 types of plants are available in these woodland that run from beach front to sub-elevated conditions. It presents an uncommon open door for hippies; as such an assorted arrangement of vegetation is exceptionally hard to spot in some other piece of the world. The constituent verdure However, this greenery is essentially partaken in its constitution and creation with the district containing west of Malisia spreading over from the south of Thailand to the islands of New Guinea. In particular, the northern district of Lake Toba has an extremely unmistakable Sumatran verdure which is to a great extent montane and sub-snow capped sort of vegetation (Thornton, 1997). This region has 12 percent of the species and around 17 percent of species which are endemic in sythesis. All the species are amazingly rich, and the number aggregates near 4,000. There are significant contrasts between the good country and the marsh vegetation in these territories, and furthermore among the north and south because of the nearness of characteristic obstructions. One of the particular highlights in the recreation center is the nearness of phyto-geographic districts, which differ as indicated by the height. The tropical conditions are existent up to the height of 1,000 meters. In that, around 300 meters of the vegetation includes the beach front woodland and other swamp assortments, 29 percent is the lower region timberland from the height levels of 400 meters to 1, 300 meters, near 31 percent is montane in the rises of 1,000 to 1,500 meters; which is incredibly rich in Fagaceaeâ and Lauraceae (Whitten, Damanik , Jazanul and Nazzaruddin , 2010)â . The lower 15 percent of those heights are wealthy in greeneries, rattans and palms, while the upper 20 percent is having corrosive cherishing plants as basal constituents. The rest of subalpine woodland and ericoid cleans structure a height of 2,400 meters to 3,400 meters. Around 91 of the types of vegetation have been

Quincy

Quincy Quincy. 1 kwint ´se [key] City (1990 pop. 39,681), seat of Adams co., W Ill., on a bluff above the Mississippi; inc. 1839. It is a trade, industrial (steel parts), and distribution center in a grain and livestock area. The city and county were named for John Quincy Adams . Quincy has a good harbor and was an important river port in the mid-19th cent.; many historic buildings are in the city. Before the Civil War it was the scene of several proslavery-abolitionist struggles. The sixth Lincoln-Douglas debate was held there on Oct. 13, 1858. Quincy Univ. is in the city. 2 kwin ´ze [key] City (1990 pop. 84,985), Norfolk co., E Mass., a suburb of Boston, on Boston Bay; settled 1634, set off from Braintree 1792, inc. as a city 1888. It has plants that make power transmissions, machinery, soaps, textile products, detergents, and chemicals. The Plymouth Colony broke up (1627) a trading post established (1625) in the area by Thomas Morton , but a new settlement began in 1634. Ironwo rks began operation in 1644, and Quincy's famed granite started to be quarried in 1750. The first railroad tracks in the United States were laid in Quincy in 1826. The city's large shipyards were of great importance in both world wars. Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams were born in Quincy. They and their wives are buried in the First Parish Church (built 1828), which, along with their homes and birthplaces, is part of the Adams National Historical Park (see National Parks and Monuments , table). John Hancock also was born there. Eastern Nazarene College is in the city. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Diversity within the Criminal Justice System Essay

The US Justice Department statistics 2003 and onwards demonstrates significant disproportion in the incarceration rate of minority African American and Hispanic men between the ages of 25 and 29 years as compared to the rate associated with White men of the same age. Bell (2007), proposes that as minority groups grow in numbers within the dominant group they will experience greater equality. However, rate of incarceration among minority males remains alarmingly high and as compared to their White counterparts. As with health care there are racial disparities that will influence outcomes when an individual is brought before the criminal courts. Additionally, there is significant correlation between a person’s level of†¦show more content†¦There is tremendous racial disproportion that exists within the population of incarcerated men between the ages of 25 and 29 years. In 2003 the US Justice Department reported at midyear that about 10.4% of the entire African-Amer ican male population in the United States aged 25 to 29 was incarcerated. This represented the largest racial or ethnic group, by comparison to 2.4% of Hispanic men and 1.2% of white men in that same age group. What makes these numbers more alarming is that blacks make up only 12.7% of the U.S. population yet they make up 48.2% of adults in federal, state, or local prisons and jails while Hispanics represent 11.1% of the U.S. population and18.6% of the prison population. It is important to note that whites were often over counted in the prison population when the â€Å"white† Hispanics for example, are counted among them. This may cause variations in statistical data depending on who, where, when and how data was collected. This data is representative of the prison population at midyear 2003 but the trend continues currently as there was little shift in the midyear 2007 statistical data. Up to 2002 the Justice Policy Institute reported that African American male prison population had grown some five times what it was twentyShow MoreRelatedCrime Is Despicable And That Criminals Are Dangerous People1280 Words   |  6 Pagesus, as young children, may have been taught that crime is abhorrent and that criminals are dangerous people, neglecting to explain why people commit crimes. Those same children may have learned that the criminal justice system -- comprised of law enforcement, the court system, and so on -- were impartial solutions to keep citizens safe and law-abiding. But the truth is, crime isn’t so simple and the criminal justice system may not be as grandiose and good as we were taught. In the final decades ofRead MoreMulticulturalism And A Multicultural Society1012 Words   |  5 PagesMulticulturalism and Social diversity is so important and yet so many people still carry around the race card. Social diversity and multiculturalism is more prevalent in the justice system than anything else in society today. According to the ABA the African-America race faces an incarceration rate that is six times that of whites. As a criminal justice professional we must be aware of social issues. There are two reason why social awareness is important, the first is when a group of people is alienatedRead MoreInfluential Factors on a Juveniles Life1510 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican criminal justice system begins at the very first stage of the procedure, the investigation by the law enforcement officer. Law enforcement disproportionately target minorities over whites, as criminal suspects. With this direct focus, the racial makeup of the population that is ultimately charged, convicted and incarcerated becomes contorted (Leadership Conference Education Fund, 2013). These racial generalizations lead to an undermining of trust in the criminal justice system as a wholeRead MoreImproving The Decision Making Process798 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of racial equality, the judicial system must implement innovative changes to better serve the country’s ethnic diversity. Torres-Spelliscy et al. (2010) encou raged diversity in the American court system and provided ten practices to attract the brightest female and minority candidates for the judiciary, and they are as follows: (1) grapple fully with implicit bias; (2) increase strategic recruitment; (3) be clear about the role of diversity in the nominating process in state statutes;Read MoreThe University Of Southern Mississippi848 Words   |  4 Pagesapplication for the doctoral program in criminal justice starting the fall semester of 2016. The University of Southern Mississippi is my ideal location for the achievement of a doctoral degree. I would like to demonstrate my knowledge, experience, and research ability in the field of criminal justice and correctional studies. Having majored in the discipline as a former graduate student, I want to further my education to assist and promote future changes in criminal justice and correctional policy. I amRead MoreCultural Consideration1138 Words   |  5 PagesChanda Martin CJA/500 May 23, 2011 Joseph Laronge Cultural Considerations In the criminal justice system cultural concerns and influences in today’s societies have its positive and negative aspects. Cultural concerns and influences raises a lot of attention of the affect it has on justice and the security administration. In this paper it will first discuss how cultural concerns and influence affect the justice and security administration and its practices. Second, what contemporary methods areRead MoreEffectiveness of a Jury Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluate the effectiveness of the jury system in the criminal trial Juries exists in the criminal trial to listen to the case presented to them and, as a third, non-bias party, decide beyond reasonable doubt if the accused is guilty. For the use of a trial by juror to be effective, no bias should exists in the jurors judgments, the jurors should understand clearly their role and key legal terms, and the jury system should represent the communities standards and views whilst upholding the rightsRead MoreCase Study Term 2 Unit 4 Assignment750 Words   |  3 PagesCASE STUDY 2 Criminal Justice professionals have certain responsibilities and duties in order to fulfill the needs of society. Criminal justice professionals are the backbone to any society and they are given certain authority and power by the government to protect its citizens. This sets them apart from the general population. They are expected to fulfill the vast amount of duties expected of them in a professional manner. Criminal justice professionals are expected to haveRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice system is a series of institutions and practices of government foreseen to protect society from criminal behavior. The criminal justice system is an important component in the world as the system provides a basis of social control, deterrence, and retribution of crimes committed. Many countries throughout the world may differ in regards to the structure; however, the morality of the system is for the people. Ultimately, the structure is underlined by the importance among lawRead MoreCultural1401 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Cultural Considerations Cultural diversity is normal in society today. People come from different races, cultures, and backgrounds. People have to learn the importance of respecting the culture of others. Everyone can learn from others. Superiority does not exist because of an individual’s culture. Some people from different cultural backgrounds believe that he or she is better than others but this is an untruth. Cultural concerns can have a negative influence on justice and security administration.

Socrates Doctrine Of Recollection - 1864 Words

â€Å"A process men call learning... discovering everything else for himself...for searching and learning are, as a whole, Recollection. In response to Socrates, Meno asks, â€Å"... how do you mean that we do not learn, but that what we call learning is Recollection (Meno 81d -e)?† I will delve into what Socrates Doctrine of Recollection proves and how Socrates wishes to use the definition in his philosophy. I will then give what context I wish to use the Doctrine in, which amendments I will implement to make it plausible in my mind, and what it teaches us about different types of learning. Socrates definition of the Doctrine of Recollection consists of our souls, being eternal, and thus have had many lives before. They have gained all knowledge that exists because of this. The process of learning is our bodies recollecting information our souls have previously gained but have forgotten (Meno, 81b-e). The method in which the Doctrine of Recollection came to be, is establis hed in parts of the Phaedo and Meno by Plato. In Phaedo the theory of Recollection is touched on briefly. Cebes speaks first about the theory of Recollection. Socrates then gives a more abstract definition of the Doctrine than in the Meno; he does this for Simmias, who could not recall the proof of the theory. Socrates starts by establishing that by becoming aware of one piece of knowledge can make our mind conscious of other information. Socrates gives the example if a person notices a piece of clothing or anShow MoreRelatedPlato, Locke, And The Question Of Innate Ideas1829 Words   |  7 Pagesopinions on the matter of innate ideas. Plato argues that the recognition of truth in reality is derived from the recollection of truth in the soul. A necessary part of Platos argument is that recollection of Truth depends upon the existence of an immortal soul. Locke, on the other hand, rejects Platos argument by stating that the recognition of truth is not dependent on recollection but is rather self-evident. In other words, Locke argues that one does not need to understand truth to knowRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge of forms to recognize things for what they are. 4. Compare and contrast Plato’s doctrine of recollection and Aristotle’s doctrine of the scientific syllogism. Plato doctrine of recollection is the idea that all learning is but remembering. He believed that we are born possessing all knowledge. Thus, we never learn anything new, but only recollect knowledge we already had. In Aristotle’s doctrine of scientific syllogism a conclusion is drawn from two premises (a major and a minor) eachRead MorePlato’s 1st Argument for the Immortality of the Soul from Opposites and Theory of Reincarnation999 Words   |  4 PagesPhaedo, Cebes and Simmias where Socrates gives some arguments for the immortality of the soul. In this work, Phaedo tells us about Socrates’ final days, who has been convicted to death. Great philosopher does not have a fear of death because he believes that when a man dies, the soul still exists even if the body perishes. Trying to prove his arguments, Socrates presents two proofs – Doctrine of Opposites and second which is based on Theory of Recollections. In Phaedo he writes: â€Å"That soulRead MoreThe Trial And Death Of Socrates : The Trial And Death Of Socrates972 Words   |  4 Pages The Trial and Death of Socrates, depicts the different stages of Socrates’s life, from his prosecution until his execution. During the narratives, Socrates gives us, as readers, insight towards his beliefs and philosophy, which are viewed as reasons for his imprisonment. Phaedo’s recollection of Socrates’s last few hours alive, reveals Socrates’s most important belief, that the soul is an entity which is immortal and is valuable during and after life. All perceived lusts, greed, and fear are causedRead MoreRationalism732 Words   |  3 Pagesbegins with a debate between a fictional Socrates and Meno about whether virtue can be taught or if it is acquired in another way . Socrates begins to prove his point when he asks the slaves about the geometry question. When the slave answers the question, Socrates suggests to Meno that they inquire this together. Meno argues with his â€Å"Meno’s Paradox† that, â€Å"one logically cannot inquire productivity into what one does not already know† (Meno 58). Then Socrates continues to make Meno question his ownRead MoreA Life Sketch of Plato and His Works905 Words   |  4 Pagesaristocratic and rich family, Plato s childhood was indulged within luxury. But his life changed when he came across Socrates. Socrates, a Greek philosopher who lived from 470-399 BC. He devoted all his time with young citizens discussing philosophy and questioning their confidence in the truth of popular opinions. As a young man, Plato grew up wanting to be a politician. However, after Socrates execution in 399 BC had a profound effect on Plato, and was perhaps the final event that convinced him to leaveRead More A life sketch of Plato and his works Essays891 Words   |  4 Pagesaristocratic and rich family, Plato’s childhood was indulged within luxury. But his life changed when he came across Socrates. Socrates, a Greek philosopher who lived from 470-399 BC. He devoted all his time with young citizens discussing philosophy and questioning their confidence in the truth of popular opinions. As a young man, Plato grew up wanting to be a politician. However, after Socrates execution in 399 BC had a profound effect on Plato, and was perhaps the final event that convinced him to leaveRead MoreMenos Paradox Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pageswhat lines will you look, Socrates, for a thing of whose nature you know nothing at all? Pray, what sort of a thing, amongst those things that you know will you treat us to as the object of your search? Or even supposing, at the best that you it upon it, how will you know it is the thing you did not know? 80D The paradox arises due to a number of assumptions concerning knowledge, inquiry and definition made by both Socrates and Meno. The assumptions of Socrates are: ol li value=1Read MorePlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1070 Words   |  5 PagesPlato, a Greek philosopher, was born around 423 to 428 BC, and died around 347 or 348 BC, at the age of eighty. He was a great philosopher, taught by Socrates. His dialogues have been used to teach many subjects, consisting of logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion, and mathematics, as well as philosophy. Plato was born between 429 and 423 BC, in either Athens or Aegina. At some point during his childhood, his father died, but the date is unknown. He was named Aristocles after his grandfather, but hisRead MoreCan Virtue Be Acquired? An Examination of the Laches, Meno and Protagoras2955 Words   |  12 PagesCan Virtue be Acquired? An Examination of the Laches, Meno, and Protagoras In the Socratic dialogues of Plato, Socrates often argues against the pretence of knowledge in his interlocutors. In the case of the Laches, Meno, and Protagoras dialogues, the pretence is the knowledge of virtue, among other things. The Laches seeks a definition of arà ªte (virtue), the Meno examines the teaching of virtue, and the Protagoras offers a known expert the chance to defend that virtue can, indeed, be taught. Using

Write a Recommendation Report Free Essays

string(87) " evidence shows that insufficient attention to environment can bring a lot of problem\." Module Code: PM502-2T Group: Group W Module Title: Skill for Study 2 Assessment Title: Report Assignment Title: Write a recommendation report in which you compare three possible methods for water provision in arid region of your choice. Tutor Name: Eve Smith Student ID Number : 200860469 Date of Submission: Friday 2nd Dec, 2011 Word count: 1668 Contents 1Introduction1 2Background1 3Options2 3. 1Desalination2 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Write a Recommendation Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2Rain Harvesting System3 3. 3Damming3 4Requirements4 4. 1Cost4 4. 2Sustainability4 4. 3Environmental impact5 4. 4Social impact5 5Compared Options6 5. 1Cost6 5. 2Sustainability6 5. 3Environmental impact7 5. Social impact7 6Conclusions8 7Recommendation8 8Reference9 Introduction In some developing country,arid are able to cause poverty and death, so it is important to provide clean, cheap and sustainable water to those residents living in arid area. However to supply water in arid regions can be a great challenge, it should concern about cost, sustainability, environmental impact and social impact. This report will focus on 3 methods of water prevision: Desalination, Rain Harvesting System and Dam. The report aims to analyses 3 different water prevision methods, and find out which is fit the situation in Middle East. In order to achieve this aim, report will compare those 3 methods in 4 requirements: Cost, Sustainability, Environmental Impact and Social Impact and carry out a recommendation to the region of Middle East. Background Recently the total population of human being has broken through Seven billion. The booming population has led to a serious problem, the higher the population is, and the more water will be demanded. However, the water resource is limited: though 70. 9% of the earth surface is covered by water, only 2. 5% of the earth’s water can be directly utilized by human beings (Cech 2010). Fresh water resource is valuable for every one on this planet, especially for those people who live in arid areas such as Middle East. In those regions, without water provision crops and livestock cannot survive, people have to spend a lot of time on searching and carrying water which can deprive their right to get education and make money (KIC 2011). At the same time, low water quality is a huge threat to people’s health. According to a survey from WHO (2004) if all humans in the world can have clean water supply, 88% of health problem in developing country will be solved. Options 1. 1 Desalination 97% of water on this planate is salt water, if we can take the salt out water, then many place in the world will no longer suffer from lack of water. Fortunately desalination make it possible. Fischetti (2007) points out that desalination is a process using energy and technique to remove salts and other minerals from water. The aim of this process is to transform salt water to fresh water for people drinking and daily use in the regions limited on fresh water but have plenty of salt water. Numbers of desalination station have been built in the world, The biggest desalination station in the world is the Jebel Ali Desalination Plant located in United Arab Emirates. It can produce 79. 2 billion Gallon fresh water per year (Elshorbagy 2008). These stations supply large amount of fresh water to local residents every day, ease the water stress largely. 1. 2 Rain Harvesting System In some arid areas,rainwater may be the main water source,Boers (1994) point out that, the low rainfall and irregular distribution cause the problem of water stress in some arid areas. Rain Harvesting System basically is to harvesting rain water from rooftop and yard,after purified,than storing the water in an underground cellar for drinking, daily use and watering crops, See: figure 1 (Garwalmail 2001). Boers (1994) also points out that this kind of technique has already been applied on many arid areas to solve water stress. Figure 1 Simple Diagram to show Rainwater Harvesting (Garwalmail 2001) 1. 3 Damming Human beings have used dam as a method of water provision for a long history. The oldest extant dam in the world is the Jawa Dam, located in Jordan (Helms, 1977). Dams can be seen as a barrier to stop water flow for and reserving it. Storing rain or river water in rain season, ensure the water supply for human consumption and irrigation in dry season. Dams make water predictable, and much easier to manage. Damming is not only a water provision method but also an energy sources. Large scale dams can also produce power. Altinbilek(2002) found 19% of electricity in the world wild was generated by dams, helping a lot of countries to get clean and cheap energy. Requirements 1. 4 Cost For wealth regions, cost is not the primary requirement of water provision methods, they pay more attention on sustainability or environmental impacts. however most of arid areas are not especially wealth, cost could be a big problem for them. In some low income Middle East countries, governments are unable to afford those kinds of water provision project which cost a lot (World Bank 1993). Poor water supply leads to high death rate and low productivity. People have to pay more time on searching and carrying water, this makes them even poorer. So costs is an important consideration for some ountries. 1. 5 Sustainability Sustainability is also an aspect must be concerned when plan a water supply project. If a region seeks to maintain productivity and daily life,then the continuous water supply is essential. Unstable water supply will lead to low productivity and quality of life. Those old water provision methods such as pumping underground water are not a long-term solution, new techn ology may provide some solution to this problem. Tove (1997) brought out an idea: new technologies are able to make water supply far more stable and reliable than ever before. . 6 Environmental impact In recent years the environmental impact of water provision methods has aroused many people’s concern. In the past, environment would not be a primary consideration for water provision projects. However more and more evidence shows that insufficient attention to environment can bring a lot of problem. You read "Write a Recommendation Report" in category "Essay examples" Hwang (2004) point out that, excessive use of groundwater is directly related to ground subsidence. Fortunately, today when planning a water project they will try to minimize the environmental impact (Figure 2). A fish ladder has been tested and has applied on many dams to protect native fish (Barrett 2006). Figure 2: A fish ladder built around a dam in the Pacific Northwest 1. 7 Social impact Just like the Environmental impact, water provision project can also have a significant impact on society. For a large-scale project, millions of people have to abandon their house, farmland and all the things they cannot take with them, evacuated to other places, IRO (2008) point out that it is estimated that there are more than 40 million people in the world have to move because of large-scale water project. The government has to pay huge amounts of money to resettle those people. Spending too much money on a water provision project may also lead to a higher bill of water which is detrimental for the poor (Goldman 2007). Comparison by Requirements Compared Options 1. 8 Cost On average, to build desalination plant is likely to be the most expansive way to provide fresh water. Karagiannis. (2007) argued about that the cost of building a desalination plant can be astonishing, and it require a lot of energy. Compare with desalination, the cost to build and maintain on dam can be acceptable if the construction scale is not that big. In addition, most of dams are applied on electricity generation and keep fish in reservoir. These methods will bring revenue to reduce the cost of dam. It is no doubt that Rainwater Harvesting System is the most economical way of water supply. Boers (1994) states that, building a rainwater harvesting system for a family is quite cheap. 1. 9 Sustainability In these three methods, the most stabled way to supply water is desalination. Kumar (2003) argues that if we are able to transfer sea water to freshwater, then water would not be a problem for human beings; we do not have to worry about overuse sea water, as we worrying about groundwater and rivers will dry up one day. Damming is also a relatively stable water supply method. Excluding some extreme weather factors, damming can provide water to surrounding areas stably (Altinbilek 2002). However, if encounter extreme weather, like drought, dams will lost the function of providing water. The most unsustainable water provision method is rainwater harvesting. Boers (1994) states that rely on rainfall to supply fresh water in arid areas have never been a stable way. 1. 10 Environmental Impact Damming has a huge impact on the environment. Old style dams do not have a fish passage, which stops fish swims back to upstream for breeding. World Commission on Dams (2000) point out there is more than 9000 kinds of fresh water fish vanished in recent 100 years in the world. For a desalination plant, the impact to environment is far lower than damming. Great energy consumption may be the only impact a desalination plant do to environment. Younos (2005) describe desalination plant energy consumption as â€Å"drinking energy†. Rainwater harvesting nearly have no impact on environment, so it is an environment-friendly way to provide fresh water. 1. 11 Social impact Desalination and rainwater harvesting almost have no negative impact to social impact. In fact these two methods are beneficiating to society. According to Elshorbagy (2007) and Boers (1994) these two kinds of methods are Ease water shortages in wealth regions and poor regions respectively in Middle East. There is no doubt that damming can have a huge impact on social. The impact of damming bring to the society is multifaceted. Local resident resettlement, loss of arable land and those cultural heritages losses, all of these social problems are caused by damming (Goldsmith 1992). Conclusions With all the discussion above there, we can easily to find out that each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Desalination plant is a very stable water supply method. However, construction and operating costs is unacceptable for some developing country in Middle East. Damming is a reliable way to provide fresh water, but the impact on environment and society is unaffordable for some Middle East country. Although rainwater harvesting is not that stable, but because of its low cost and Environment-friendly, this method can play a major role in poor regions. So it is impossible to find out one method better than others. According to local conditions, we should choose different way to provide fresh water in Middle East. Recommendation In the Middle East, desalination may be the best way to provide water for wealth countries. However, for those poverty-stricken countries where under extreme weather, rainwater harvesting can be a good way to solve water stress. * Reference Altinbilek, D (2002). The Role of Dams in Development, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 18 (1), pp. 9-24 Barrett. J, Cooper, M, M. (2006). The Murray River’s ‘Sea to Hume Dam’ fish passage program: Progress to date and lessons learned, Ecological Management ; Restoration 17(3), pp173-183. Boers, M. (1994), Rainwater Harvesting in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones. Waeninaen. The Netherlands. Cech, T. V. (2010). Principles of Water Resources: History, Development, Management, and Policy (3rd Ed. ). USA: JOHN WILEY ; SONS, INC. Elshorbagy, W. Elhakeem, A, B. (2007). Risk assessment maps of oil spill for major desalination plants in the United Arab Emirates, Desalination, 228 (1-3), pp. 200-216 Fischetti, M (2007). Fresh from the Sea, Scientific American 297 (3), pp. 118–119. GoldMan. M (2007), How â€Å"Water for All! † policy became hegemonic: The power of the World Bank and its transnational policy networks, Geoforum, 38(5), pp. 786-800 Goldsmith, E. Hildyard, N. (1992). The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams. Wadebridge. Wadebridge Ecological Centre. Helms,S,W. (1977). Jawa Excavations 1975. Third Preliminary Report. Levant, 9(1), pp. 21-35 Hwang. N. R, Moh. Z. C. (1996) Instrumentation for Underground Construction Projects, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. International Rivers Organizaion (2008) The World Commission on Dams Framework – A Brief Introduction, Retrieved From: http://www. internationalrivers. org/node/2526 Karagiannis, I, C. Soldatos, P, G. (2007). Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment, Desalination, 223( 1-3), pp. 448-456 Kumar, C, P. (2003). Fresh Water Resources: A Perspective. National Institute of Hydrology. India. Stanley, J. (2011). What Are Results of Poor Access to Safe Domestic Water Supplies? C. Skills for Study 2: Development Issues, 43, 32-39. Nottingham, UK: KIC. Tove A. Larsen. Gujer,W. (1997). The concept of sustainable Urban Water Management. Water Science and Technology. 35(9), 1997, pp. 3-10 World Bank (1993), Water Resources Management Policy Paper, Washington DC; The World Bank. World Commission on Dams (2000) Dams and Development: a new framework for decision-making, the report of the world commission on dams. London; Earthscan Publications. World Health Organization . (2004). Burden of disease and cost-effectiveness estimates, Retrieved From: http://www. ho. int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/burden/en/index. html Younos, T. (2005). Environmental Issues of Desalination. Contemporary Water Research ; Education. Issue: 132. PP. 11-18 Garwalmail, A (2010). Simple Diagram to show Rainwater Harvesting. Retrieved From: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Simple_Diagram_to_show_Rainwater_Harvesting. png A fish ladder built around a dam in the Pacific Northwest, (20 10). Retrieved From: http://adventure. howstuffworks. com/outdoor-activities/fishing/fish-conservation/fish-populations/fish-ladder1. htm How to cite Write a Recommendation Report, Essay examples

K-mart Management Essays - Business, Economy Of The United States

K-mart Management K-mart's upper management is attempting to bring K-mart "upmarket" without losing the chain's discount image. The goal is to change the store's image from a no-frills discount store to a retailer of quality, brand-name merchandise offered in modern, attractive displays. K-mart is attempting to change with its typical customers, who are now more educated and sophisticated than earlier in the store's history. K-mart assembled a senior management team to evaluate the impacts that emerging social, economic and political changes in the United States would have on the future of the business. This team was called the F-Team. Once the F-Team completed it's report, K-mart management asked for specific marketing strategies to address each scenario from the F-Team's report. Of all items in the report, America's changing social class and income structure is of particular importance. The primary customer base for K-mart has been the middle class group. This group comprises about 32 percent of the population. Members of this group often buy products that are popular and trendy. They tend to be very concerned with fashion. Middle class size is in decline due to the influences of international competition. There is increased competition between countries for the labor pool. Third world workers are willing to accept wages that are up to a third less than United States workers will accept for the same tasks. American labor premium is disappearing, causing a significant downward mobility and an associated diminution of living standards and purchasing power. The group affected is K-mart's predominate customer base. This is cause of great concern to the upper management. According to the case study, this scenario will place the top group in the new social structure of the United States at about 25 percent of households, while the bottom will represent close to 65 percent. The bottom (K-mart's customers) will suffer decrease purchasing power as a result of this shift. Upper management must create a public image makeover in order to attract customers from the smaller, but more affluent upper middle class. Proper decisions by upper management will have the desired impact on imaging and positioning. This will cause K-mart to occupy a distinctive place in the target market's mind. The goals must be carefully set in order to attract customers with higher incomes, and at the same time, not alienate those already shopping at discount stores. New programs designed to help change the store's image include: 1. A new advertising campaign in which designer Martha Stewart uses K-mart products to decorate her farmhouse 2. Use of pro golfer Fuzzy Zoeller in ads to promote golf equipment 3. Co-sponsorship of a race car driven by Mario Andretti 4. In-store greeters and a toll-free customer response number. K-mart has also been working to be identified with fashion. Everything the stores carry will be considered fashionable, chic and popular. According to the case study, the efforts towards this goal have been successful. K-mart increased sales by 7.8 percent during 1992. The nature and extent of change will be decided by upper management and formulated in the offices of K-mart's headquarters, where the retailer's management team will evaluate every aspect of the company's operations. A revival is not implausible. After all, K-mart follows in the footsteps of such chains as Sears, JCPenney, and Montgomery Ward, all of which have accomplished turnaround feats of impressive magnitude. But despite the evidence of past turnarounds by similarly beleaguered chains, the thought of K-mart making such a radical change successfully seems remote. After all, generations of customers have the image of K-mart as a cheap discount store burned into their brains. The "blue light specials" invoke images of desperate shoppers madly running into or over each other to get their special buy. That image will most easily be changed in the children of K-marts present shoppers. K-mart's chief attribute in the highly competitive discount store arena is convenient locations. Unfortunately, location alone may not be enough for the Troy, Michigan-based retailer that invented discount store retailing 33 years ago. K-mart needs more; it needs a new focus and a new image, and it needs them quickly. At a similarly difficult juncture in Sears' history, the Chicago-based retailer had more going for it than does K-mart. Sears chairman Ed Brennan hired a well-respected chief executive, Arthur Martinez, who executed a masterful turnaround program. Martinez instituted the successful "Softer Side of Sears" ad campaign; sold off Sears' huge franchise-making but money-losing catalog operation and redirected catalog customers into the stores; emphasized credit opportunities through the company's Sears charge; and stressed the retailer's golden reputation with consumers in hard