Deconstruction Free Essays

A post-structuralism adding looks to this chain of command so as to show that isn't continued all through such works, or indicating that he two terms are not oppositional yet are associated and interrelated (Senators 145). There is philosophical affirmation of the way that what people understanding and guarantee to think about this world show up only just as they are comprehended by the human psyche. Henceforth, there is a division made between the psychological appearance and the â€Å"things in themselves. We will compose a custom paper test on Deconstruction or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now † This sets stage for limitability of such work as fuses division of the things and the words, state of talks for the presence of things inside our insight or the frameworks of truth versus the genuine articles in the material world. Moreover Dermis’s exposition is typically troublesome since he IS made mindful of the issues of metallurgy, that is, the expressions, terms, allegories and jargon as utilized in the portrayal of culture and reasoning as communicated in words, and the turns and spots of illustration and talk we become tied up with when making and composing contentions (Wise 89). Deconstruction doesn’t mean destruction of truth or reality, yet sabotaging dreams in our philosophies and draw in that profess to raise obvious all inclusive or characteristic reason for conviction and information. The most effective method to refer to Deconstruction, Papers

Ecological property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. A Essay

Environmental property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. An investigation on the vegetation - Essay Example Biological property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. An examination on the vegetation The organization of these timberlands is controlled by the Directorate General of Forest preservation and backwoods security. It is arranged along the north, south and focal piece of the equator close by the Bukit Barisan mountain go. These three zones have a much characterized sort of widely varied vegetation, showing a ton of decent variety in their creation. By and large, these territories can be viewed as a hotbed for natural assorted variety. Be that as it may, the temperature can be supposed to be warm when all is said in done with higher temperatures, higher precipitation being experienced for nine months of the year in the wetter parts and seven months in the drier regions (Marshall et al., 2010). This has likewise been one of the contributing variables in the higher assortment of the species. The dampness can likewise be featured, as it will in general keep up a consistent estimation of near 60 percent, particularly over the elevations of 1,700 meters. By and large, the temp erature shows a consistency of being around 20-28 degree Celsius consistently (68 to 83 Fahrenheit). The Indonesian archipelago includes 10 percent of the number of inhabitants in blossoming plants and Sumatra is a piece of the Sundaland hotspot. It has probably the biggest rainforest in Southeast Asia, positioning along any semblance of Borneo and Papua New Guinea (Thornton, 1997). The quantity of types of plants that occupy this district is faltering. Right around 10,000 types of plants are available in these woodland that run from beach front to sub-elevated conditions. It presents an uncommon open door for hippies; as such an assorted arrangement of vegetation is exceptionally hard to spot in some other piece of the world. The constituent verdure However, this greenery is essentially partaken in its constitution and creation with the district containing west of Malisia spreading over from the south of Thailand to the islands of New Guinea. In particular, the northern district of Lake Toba has an extremely unmistakable Sumatran verdure which is to a great extent montane and sub-snow capped sort of vegetation (Thornton, 1997). This region has 12 percent of the species and around 17 percent of species which are endemic in sythesis. All the species are amazingly rich, and the number aggregates near 4,000. There are significant contrasts between the good country and the marsh vegetation in these territories, and furthermore among the north and south because of the nearness of characteristic obstructions. One of the particular highlights in the recreation center is the nearness of phyto-geographic districts, which differ as indicated by the height. The tropical conditions are existent up to the height of 1,000 meters. In that, around 300 meters of the vegetation includes the beach front woodland and other swamp assortments, 29 percent is the lower region timberland from the height levels of 400 meters to 1, 300 meters, near 31 percent is montane in the rises of 1,000 to 1,500 meters; which is incredibly rich in Fagaceaeâ and Lauraceae (Whitten, Damanik , Jazanul and Nazzaruddin , 2010)â . The lower 15 percent of those heights are wealthy in greeneries, rattans and palms, while the upper 20 percent is having corrosive cherishing plants as basal constituents. The rest of subalpine woodland and ericoid cleans structure a height of 2,400 meters to 3,400 meters. Around 91 of the types of vegetation have been

Quincy

Quincy Quincy. 1 kwint ´se [key] City (1990 pop. 39,681), seat of Adams co., W Ill., on a bluff above the Mississippi; inc. 1839. It is a trade, industrial (steel parts), and distribution center in a grain and livestock area. The city and county were named for John Quincy Adams . Quincy has a good harbor and was an important river port in the mid-19th cent.; many historic buildings are in the city. Before the Civil War it was the scene of several proslavery-abolitionist struggles. The sixth Lincoln-Douglas debate was held there on Oct. 13, 1858. Quincy Univ. is in the city. 2 kwin ´ze [key] City (1990 pop. 84,985), Norfolk co., E Mass., a suburb of Boston, on Boston Bay; settled 1634, set off from Braintree 1792, inc. as a city 1888. It has plants that make power transmissions, machinery, soaps, textile products, detergents, and chemicals. The Plymouth Colony broke up (1627) a trading post established (1625) in the area by Thomas Morton , but a new settlement began in 1634. Ironwo rks began operation in 1644, and Quincy's famed granite started to be quarried in 1750. The first railroad tracks in the United States were laid in Quincy in 1826. The city's large shipyards were of great importance in both world wars. Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams were born in Quincy. They and their wives are buried in the First Parish Church (built 1828), which, along with their homes and birthplaces, is part of the Adams National Historical Park (see National Parks and Monuments , table). John Hancock also was born there. Eastern Nazarene College is in the city. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Diversity within the Criminal Justice System Essay

The US Justice Department statistics 2003 and onwards demonstrates significant disproportion in the incarceration rate of minority African American and Hispanic men between the ages of 25 and 29 years as compared to the rate associated with White men of the same age. Bell (2007), proposes that as minority groups grow in numbers within the dominant group they will experience greater equality. However, rate of incarceration among minority males remains alarmingly high and as compared to their White counterparts. As with health care there are racial disparities that will influence outcomes when an individual is brought before the criminal courts. Additionally, there is significant correlation between a person’s level of†¦show more content†¦There is tremendous racial disproportion that exists within the population of incarcerated men between the ages of 25 and 29 years. In 2003 the US Justice Department reported at midyear that about 10.4% of the entire African-Amer ican male population in the United States aged 25 to 29 was incarcerated. This represented the largest racial or ethnic group, by comparison to 2.4% of Hispanic men and 1.2% of white men in that same age group. What makes these numbers more alarming is that blacks make up only 12.7% of the U.S. population yet they make up 48.2% of adults in federal, state, or local prisons and jails while Hispanics represent 11.1% of the U.S. population and18.6% of the prison population. It is important to note that whites were often over counted in the prison population when the â€Å"white† Hispanics for example, are counted among them. This may cause variations in statistical data depending on who, where, when and how data was collected. This data is representative of the prison population at midyear 2003 but the trend continues currently as there was little shift in the midyear 2007 statistical data. Up to 2002 the Justice Policy Institute reported that African American male prison population had grown some five times what it was twentyShow MoreRelatedCrime Is Despicable And That Criminals Are Dangerous People1280 Words   |  6 Pagesus, as young children, may have been taught that crime is abhorrent and that criminals are dangerous people, neglecting to explain why people commit crimes. Those same children may have learned that the criminal justice system -- comprised of law enforcement, the court system, and so on -- were impartial solutions to keep citizens safe and law-abiding. But the truth is, crime isn’t so simple and the criminal justice system may not be as grandiose and good as we were taught. In the final decades ofRead MoreMulticulturalism And A Multicultural Society1012 Words   |  5 PagesMulticulturalism and Social diversity is so important and yet so many people still carry around the race card. Social diversity and multiculturalism is more prevalent in the justice system than anything else in society today. According to the ABA the African-America race faces an incarceration rate that is six times that of whites. As a criminal justice professional we must be aware of social issues. There are two reason why social awareness is important, the first is when a group of people is alienatedRead MoreInfluential Factors on a Juveniles Life1510 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican criminal justice system begins at the very first stage of the procedure, the investigation by the law enforcement officer. Law enforcement disproportionately target minorities over whites, as criminal suspects. With this direct focus, the racial makeup of the population that is ultimately charged, convicted and incarcerated becomes contorted (Leadership Conference Education Fund, 2013). These racial generalizations lead to an undermining of trust in the criminal justice system as a wholeRead MoreImproving The Decision Making Process798 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of racial equality, the judicial system must implement innovative changes to better serve the country’s ethnic diversity. Torres-Spelliscy et al. (2010) encou raged diversity in the American court system and provided ten practices to attract the brightest female and minority candidates for the judiciary, and they are as follows: (1) grapple fully with implicit bias; (2) increase strategic recruitment; (3) be clear about the role of diversity in the nominating process in state statutes;Read MoreThe University Of Southern Mississippi848 Words   |  4 Pagesapplication for the doctoral program in criminal justice starting the fall semester of 2016. The University of Southern Mississippi is my ideal location for the achievement of a doctoral degree. I would like to demonstrate my knowledge, experience, and research ability in the field of criminal justice and correctional studies. Having majored in the discipline as a former graduate student, I want to further my education to assist and promote future changes in criminal justice and correctional policy. I amRead MoreCultural Consideration1138 Words   |  5 PagesChanda Martin CJA/500 May 23, 2011 Joseph Laronge Cultural Considerations In the criminal justice system cultural concerns and influences in today’s societies have its positive and negative aspects. Cultural concerns and influences raises a lot of attention of the affect it has on justice and the security administration. In this paper it will first discuss how cultural concerns and influence affect the justice and security administration and its practices. Second, what contemporary methods areRead MoreEffectiveness of a Jury Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluate the effectiveness of the jury system in the criminal trial Juries exists in the criminal trial to listen to the case presented to them and, as a third, non-bias party, decide beyond reasonable doubt if the accused is guilty. For the use of a trial by juror to be effective, no bias should exists in the jurors judgments, the jurors should understand clearly their role and key legal terms, and the jury system should represent the communities standards and views whilst upholding the rightsRead MoreCase Study Term 2 Unit 4 Assignment750 Words   |  3 PagesCASE STUDY 2 Criminal Justice professionals have certain responsibilities and duties in order to fulfill the needs of society. Criminal justice professionals are the backbone to any society and they are given certain authority and power by the government to protect its citizens. This sets them apart from the general population. They are expected to fulfill the vast amount of duties expected of them in a professional manner. Criminal justice professionals are expected to haveRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice system is a series of institutions and practices of government foreseen to protect society from criminal behavior. The criminal justice system is an important component in the world as the system provides a basis of social control, deterrence, and retribution of crimes committed. Many countries throughout the world may differ in regards to the structure; however, the morality of the system is for the people. Ultimately, the structure is underlined by the importance among lawRead MoreCultural1401 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Cultural Considerations Cultural diversity is normal in society today. People come from different races, cultures, and backgrounds. People have to learn the importance of respecting the culture of others. Everyone can learn from others. Superiority does not exist because of an individual’s culture. Some people from different cultural backgrounds believe that he or she is better than others but this is an untruth. Cultural concerns can have a negative influence on justice and security administration.

Socrates Doctrine Of Recollection - 1864 Words

â€Å"A process men call learning... discovering everything else for himself...for searching and learning are, as a whole, Recollection. In response to Socrates, Meno asks, â€Å"... how do you mean that we do not learn, but that what we call learning is Recollection (Meno 81d -e)?† I will delve into what Socrates Doctrine of Recollection proves and how Socrates wishes to use the definition in his philosophy. I will then give what context I wish to use the Doctrine in, which amendments I will implement to make it plausible in my mind, and what it teaches us about different types of learning. Socrates definition of the Doctrine of Recollection consists of our souls, being eternal, and thus have had many lives before. They have gained all knowledge that exists because of this. The process of learning is our bodies recollecting information our souls have previously gained but have forgotten (Meno, 81b-e). The method in which the Doctrine of Recollection came to be, is establis hed in parts of the Phaedo and Meno by Plato. In Phaedo the theory of Recollection is touched on briefly. Cebes speaks first about the theory of Recollection. Socrates then gives a more abstract definition of the Doctrine than in the Meno; he does this for Simmias, who could not recall the proof of the theory. Socrates starts by establishing that by becoming aware of one piece of knowledge can make our mind conscious of other information. Socrates gives the example if a person notices a piece of clothing or anShow MoreRelatedPlato, Locke, And The Question Of Innate Ideas1829 Words   |  7 Pagesopinions on the matter of innate ideas. Plato argues that the recognition of truth in reality is derived from the recollection of truth in the soul. A necessary part of Platos argument is that recollection of Truth depends upon the existence of an immortal soul. Locke, on the other hand, rejects Platos argument by stating that the recognition of truth is not dependent on recollection but is rather self-evident. In other words, Locke argues that one does not need to understand truth to knowRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge of forms to recognize things for what they are. 4. Compare and contrast Plato’s doctrine of recollection and Aristotle’s doctrine of the scientific syllogism. Plato doctrine of recollection is the idea that all learning is but remembering. He believed that we are born possessing all knowledge. Thus, we never learn anything new, but only recollect knowledge we already had. In Aristotle’s doctrine of scientific syllogism a conclusion is drawn from two premises (a major and a minor) eachRead MorePlato’s 1st Argument for the Immortality of the Soul from Opposites and Theory of Reincarnation999 Words   |  4 PagesPhaedo, Cebes and Simmias where Socrates gives some arguments for the immortality of the soul. In this work, Phaedo tells us about Socrates’ final days, who has been convicted to death. Great philosopher does not have a fear of death because he believes that when a man dies, the soul still exists even if the body perishes. Trying to prove his arguments, Socrates presents two proofs – Doctrine of Opposites and second which is based on Theory of Recollections. In Phaedo he writes: â€Å"That soulRead MoreThe Trial And Death Of Socrates : The Trial And Death Of Socrates972 Words   |  4 Pages The Trial and Death of Socrates, depicts the different stages of Socrates’s life, from his prosecution until his execution. During the narratives, Socrates gives us, as readers, insight towards his beliefs and philosophy, which are viewed as reasons for his imprisonment. Phaedo’s recollection of Socrates’s last few hours alive, reveals Socrates’s most important belief, that the soul is an entity which is immortal and is valuable during and after life. All perceived lusts, greed, and fear are causedRead MoreRationalism732 Words   |  3 Pagesbegins with a debate between a fictional Socrates and Meno about whether virtue can be taught or if it is acquired in another way . Socrates begins to prove his point when he asks the slaves about the geometry question. When the slave answers the question, Socrates suggests to Meno that they inquire this together. Meno argues with his â€Å"Meno’s Paradox† that, â€Å"one logically cannot inquire productivity into what one does not already know† (Meno 58). Then Socrates continues to make Meno question his ownRead MoreA Life Sketch of Plato and His Works905 Words   |  4 Pagesaristocratic and rich family, Plato s childhood was indulged within luxury. But his life changed when he came across Socrates. Socrates, a Greek philosopher who lived from 470-399 BC. He devoted all his time with young citizens discussing philosophy and questioning their confidence in the truth of popular opinions. As a young man, Plato grew up wanting to be a politician. However, after Socrates execution in 399 BC had a profound effect on Plato, and was perhaps the final event that convinced him to leaveRead More A life sketch of Plato and his works Essays891 Words   |  4 Pagesaristocratic and rich family, Plato’s childhood was indulged within luxury. But his life changed when he came across Socrates. Socrates, a Greek philosopher who lived from 470-399 BC. He devoted all his time with young citizens discussing philosophy and questioning their confidence in the truth of popular opinions. As a young man, Plato grew up wanting to be a politician. However, after Socrates execution in 399 BC had a profound effect on Plato, and was perhaps the final event that convinced him to leaveRead MoreMenos Paradox Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pageswhat lines will you look, Socrates, for a thing of whose nature you know nothing at all? Pray, what sort of a thing, amongst those things that you know will you treat us to as the object of your search? Or even supposing, at the best that you it upon it, how will you know it is the thing you did not know? 80D The paradox arises due to a number of assumptions concerning knowledge, inquiry and definition made by both Socrates and Meno. The assumptions of Socrates are: ol li value=1Read MorePlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1070 Words   |  5 PagesPlato, a Greek philosopher, was born around 423 to 428 BC, and died around 347 or 348 BC, at the age of eighty. He was a great philosopher, taught by Socrates. His dialogues have been used to teach many subjects, consisting of logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion, and mathematics, as well as philosophy. Plato was born between 429 and 423 BC, in either Athens or Aegina. At some point during his childhood, his father died, but the date is unknown. He was named Aristocles after his grandfather, but hisRead MoreCan Virtue Be Acquired? An Examination of the Laches, Meno and Protagoras2955 Words   |  12 PagesCan Virtue be Acquired? An Examination of the Laches, Meno, and Protagoras In the Socratic dialogues of Plato, Socrates often argues against the pretence of knowledge in his interlocutors. In the case of the Laches, Meno, and Protagoras dialogues, the pretence is the knowledge of virtue, among other things. The Laches seeks a definition of arà ªte (virtue), the Meno examines the teaching of virtue, and the Protagoras offers a known expert the chance to defend that virtue can, indeed, be taught. Using

Write a Recommendation Report Free Essays

string(87) " evidence shows that insufficient attention to environment can bring a lot of problem\." Module Code: PM502-2T Group: Group W Module Title: Skill for Study 2 Assessment Title: Report Assignment Title: Write a recommendation report in which you compare three possible methods for water provision in arid region of your choice. Tutor Name: Eve Smith Student ID Number : 200860469 Date of Submission: Friday 2nd Dec, 2011 Word count: 1668 Contents 1Introduction1 2Background1 3Options2 3. 1Desalination2 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Write a Recommendation Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2Rain Harvesting System3 3. 3Damming3 4Requirements4 4. 1Cost4 4. 2Sustainability4 4. 3Environmental impact5 4. 4Social impact5 5Compared Options6 5. 1Cost6 5. 2Sustainability6 5. 3Environmental impact7 5. Social impact7 6Conclusions8 7Recommendation8 8Reference9 Introduction In some developing country,arid are able to cause poverty and death, so it is important to provide clean, cheap and sustainable water to those residents living in arid area. However to supply water in arid regions can be a great challenge, it should concern about cost, sustainability, environmental impact and social impact. This report will focus on 3 methods of water prevision: Desalination, Rain Harvesting System and Dam. The report aims to analyses 3 different water prevision methods, and find out which is fit the situation in Middle East. In order to achieve this aim, report will compare those 3 methods in 4 requirements: Cost, Sustainability, Environmental Impact and Social Impact and carry out a recommendation to the region of Middle East. Background Recently the total population of human being has broken through Seven billion. The booming population has led to a serious problem, the higher the population is, and the more water will be demanded. However, the water resource is limited: though 70. 9% of the earth surface is covered by water, only 2. 5% of the earth’s water can be directly utilized by human beings (Cech 2010). Fresh water resource is valuable for every one on this planet, especially for those people who live in arid areas such as Middle East. In those regions, without water provision crops and livestock cannot survive, people have to spend a lot of time on searching and carrying water which can deprive their right to get education and make money (KIC 2011). At the same time, low water quality is a huge threat to people’s health. According to a survey from WHO (2004) if all humans in the world can have clean water supply, 88% of health problem in developing country will be solved. Options 1. 1 Desalination 97% of water on this planate is salt water, if we can take the salt out water, then many place in the world will no longer suffer from lack of water. Fortunately desalination make it possible. Fischetti (2007) points out that desalination is a process using energy and technique to remove salts and other minerals from water. The aim of this process is to transform salt water to fresh water for people drinking and daily use in the regions limited on fresh water but have plenty of salt water. Numbers of desalination station have been built in the world, The biggest desalination station in the world is the Jebel Ali Desalination Plant located in United Arab Emirates. It can produce 79. 2 billion Gallon fresh water per year (Elshorbagy 2008). These stations supply large amount of fresh water to local residents every day, ease the water stress largely. 1. 2 Rain Harvesting System In some arid areas,rainwater may be the main water source,Boers (1994) point out that, the low rainfall and irregular distribution cause the problem of water stress in some arid areas. Rain Harvesting System basically is to harvesting rain water from rooftop and yard,after purified,than storing the water in an underground cellar for drinking, daily use and watering crops, See: figure 1 (Garwalmail 2001). Boers (1994) also points out that this kind of technique has already been applied on many arid areas to solve water stress. Figure 1 Simple Diagram to show Rainwater Harvesting (Garwalmail 2001) 1. 3 Damming Human beings have used dam as a method of water provision for a long history. The oldest extant dam in the world is the Jawa Dam, located in Jordan (Helms, 1977). Dams can be seen as a barrier to stop water flow for and reserving it. Storing rain or river water in rain season, ensure the water supply for human consumption and irrigation in dry season. Dams make water predictable, and much easier to manage. Damming is not only a water provision method but also an energy sources. Large scale dams can also produce power. Altinbilek(2002) found 19% of electricity in the world wild was generated by dams, helping a lot of countries to get clean and cheap energy. Requirements 1. 4 Cost For wealth regions, cost is not the primary requirement of water provision methods, they pay more attention on sustainability or environmental impacts. however most of arid areas are not especially wealth, cost could be a big problem for them. In some low income Middle East countries, governments are unable to afford those kinds of water provision project which cost a lot (World Bank 1993). Poor water supply leads to high death rate and low productivity. People have to pay more time on searching and carrying water, this makes them even poorer. So costs is an important consideration for some ountries. 1. 5 Sustainability Sustainability is also an aspect must be concerned when plan a water supply project. If a region seeks to maintain productivity and daily life,then the continuous water supply is essential. Unstable water supply will lead to low productivity and quality of life. Those old water provision methods such as pumping underground water are not a long-term solution, new techn ology may provide some solution to this problem. Tove (1997) brought out an idea: new technologies are able to make water supply far more stable and reliable than ever before. . 6 Environmental impact In recent years the environmental impact of water provision methods has aroused many people’s concern. In the past, environment would not be a primary consideration for water provision projects. However more and more evidence shows that insufficient attention to environment can bring a lot of problem. You read "Write a Recommendation Report" in category "Essay examples" Hwang (2004) point out that, excessive use of groundwater is directly related to ground subsidence. Fortunately, today when planning a water project they will try to minimize the environmental impact (Figure 2). A fish ladder has been tested and has applied on many dams to protect native fish (Barrett 2006). Figure 2: A fish ladder built around a dam in the Pacific Northwest 1. 7 Social impact Just like the Environmental impact, water provision project can also have a significant impact on society. For a large-scale project, millions of people have to abandon their house, farmland and all the things they cannot take with them, evacuated to other places, IRO (2008) point out that it is estimated that there are more than 40 million people in the world have to move because of large-scale water project. The government has to pay huge amounts of money to resettle those people. Spending too much money on a water provision project may also lead to a higher bill of water which is detrimental for the poor (Goldman 2007). Comparison by Requirements Compared Options 1. 8 Cost On average, to build desalination plant is likely to be the most expansive way to provide fresh water. Karagiannis. (2007) argued about that the cost of building a desalination plant can be astonishing, and it require a lot of energy. Compare with desalination, the cost to build and maintain on dam can be acceptable if the construction scale is not that big. In addition, most of dams are applied on electricity generation and keep fish in reservoir. These methods will bring revenue to reduce the cost of dam. It is no doubt that Rainwater Harvesting System is the most economical way of water supply. Boers (1994) states that, building a rainwater harvesting system for a family is quite cheap. 1. 9 Sustainability In these three methods, the most stabled way to supply water is desalination. Kumar (2003) argues that if we are able to transfer sea water to freshwater, then water would not be a problem for human beings; we do not have to worry about overuse sea water, as we worrying about groundwater and rivers will dry up one day. Damming is also a relatively stable water supply method. Excluding some extreme weather factors, damming can provide water to surrounding areas stably (Altinbilek 2002). However, if encounter extreme weather, like drought, dams will lost the function of providing water. The most unsustainable water provision method is rainwater harvesting. Boers (1994) states that rely on rainfall to supply fresh water in arid areas have never been a stable way. 1. 10 Environmental Impact Damming has a huge impact on the environment. Old style dams do not have a fish passage, which stops fish swims back to upstream for breeding. World Commission on Dams (2000) point out there is more than 9000 kinds of fresh water fish vanished in recent 100 years in the world. For a desalination plant, the impact to environment is far lower than damming. Great energy consumption may be the only impact a desalination plant do to environment. Younos (2005) describe desalination plant energy consumption as â€Å"drinking energy†. Rainwater harvesting nearly have no impact on environment, so it is an environment-friendly way to provide fresh water. 1. 11 Social impact Desalination and rainwater harvesting almost have no negative impact to social impact. In fact these two methods are beneficiating to society. According to Elshorbagy (2007) and Boers (1994) these two kinds of methods are Ease water shortages in wealth regions and poor regions respectively in Middle East. There is no doubt that damming can have a huge impact on social. The impact of damming bring to the society is multifaceted. Local resident resettlement, loss of arable land and those cultural heritages losses, all of these social problems are caused by damming (Goldsmith 1992). Conclusions With all the discussion above there, we can easily to find out that each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Desalination plant is a very stable water supply method. However, construction and operating costs is unacceptable for some developing country in Middle East. Damming is a reliable way to provide fresh water, but the impact on environment and society is unaffordable for some Middle East country. Although rainwater harvesting is not that stable, but because of its low cost and Environment-friendly, this method can play a major role in poor regions. So it is impossible to find out one method better than others. According to local conditions, we should choose different way to provide fresh water in Middle East. Recommendation In the Middle East, desalination may be the best way to provide water for wealth countries. However, for those poverty-stricken countries where under extreme weather, rainwater harvesting can be a good way to solve water stress. * Reference Altinbilek, D (2002). The Role of Dams in Development, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 18 (1), pp. 9-24 Barrett. J, Cooper, M, M. (2006). The Murray River’s ‘Sea to Hume Dam’ fish passage program: Progress to date and lessons learned, Ecological Management ; Restoration 17(3), pp173-183. Boers, M. (1994), Rainwater Harvesting in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones. Waeninaen. The Netherlands. Cech, T. V. (2010). Principles of Water Resources: History, Development, Management, and Policy (3rd Ed. ). USA: JOHN WILEY ; SONS, INC. Elshorbagy, W. Elhakeem, A, B. (2007). Risk assessment maps of oil spill for major desalination plants in the United Arab Emirates, Desalination, 228 (1-3), pp. 200-216 Fischetti, M (2007). Fresh from the Sea, Scientific American 297 (3), pp. 118–119. GoldMan. M (2007), How â€Å"Water for All! † policy became hegemonic: The power of the World Bank and its transnational policy networks, Geoforum, 38(5), pp. 786-800 Goldsmith, E. Hildyard, N. (1992). The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams. Wadebridge. Wadebridge Ecological Centre. Helms,S,W. (1977). Jawa Excavations 1975. Third Preliminary Report. Levant, 9(1), pp. 21-35 Hwang. N. R, Moh. Z. C. (1996) Instrumentation for Underground Construction Projects, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. International Rivers Organizaion (2008) The World Commission on Dams Framework – A Brief Introduction, Retrieved From: http://www. internationalrivers. org/node/2526 Karagiannis, I, C. Soldatos, P, G. (2007). Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment, Desalination, 223( 1-3), pp. 448-456 Kumar, C, P. (2003). Fresh Water Resources: A Perspective. National Institute of Hydrology. India. Stanley, J. (2011). What Are Results of Poor Access to Safe Domestic Water Supplies? C. Skills for Study 2: Development Issues, 43, 32-39. Nottingham, UK: KIC. Tove A. Larsen. Gujer,W. (1997). The concept of sustainable Urban Water Management. Water Science and Technology. 35(9), 1997, pp. 3-10 World Bank (1993), Water Resources Management Policy Paper, Washington DC; The World Bank. World Commission on Dams (2000) Dams and Development: a new framework for decision-making, the report of the world commission on dams. London; Earthscan Publications. World Health Organization . (2004). Burden of disease and cost-effectiveness estimates, Retrieved From: http://www. ho. int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/burden/en/index. html Younos, T. (2005). Environmental Issues of Desalination. Contemporary Water Research ; Education. Issue: 132. PP. 11-18 Garwalmail, A (2010). Simple Diagram to show Rainwater Harvesting. Retrieved From: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Simple_Diagram_to_show_Rainwater_Harvesting. png A fish ladder built around a dam in the Pacific Northwest, (20 10). Retrieved From: http://adventure. howstuffworks. com/outdoor-activities/fishing/fish-conservation/fish-populations/fish-ladder1. htm How to cite Write a Recommendation Report, Essay examples

K-mart Management Essays - Business, Economy Of The United States

K-mart Management K-mart's upper management is attempting to bring K-mart "upmarket" without losing the chain's discount image. The goal is to change the store's image from a no-frills discount store to a retailer of quality, brand-name merchandise offered in modern, attractive displays. K-mart is attempting to change with its typical customers, who are now more educated and sophisticated than earlier in the store's history. K-mart assembled a senior management team to evaluate the impacts that emerging social, economic and political changes in the United States would have on the future of the business. This team was called the F-Team. Once the F-Team completed it's report, K-mart management asked for specific marketing strategies to address each scenario from the F-Team's report. Of all items in the report, America's changing social class and income structure is of particular importance. The primary customer base for K-mart has been the middle class group. This group comprises about 32 percent of the population. Members of this group often buy products that are popular and trendy. They tend to be very concerned with fashion. Middle class size is in decline due to the influences of international competition. There is increased competition between countries for the labor pool. Third world workers are willing to accept wages that are up to a third less than United States workers will accept for the same tasks. American labor premium is disappearing, causing a significant downward mobility and an associated diminution of living standards and purchasing power. The group affected is K-mart's predominate customer base. This is cause of great concern to the upper management. According to the case study, this scenario will place the top group in the new social structure of the United States at about 25 percent of households, while the bottom will represent close to 65 percent. The bottom (K-mart's customers) will suffer decrease purchasing power as a result of this shift. Upper management must create a public image makeover in order to attract customers from the smaller, but more affluent upper middle class. Proper decisions by upper management will have the desired impact on imaging and positioning. This will cause K-mart to occupy a distinctive place in the target market's mind. The goals must be carefully set in order to attract customers with higher incomes, and at the same time, not alienate those already shopping at discount stores. New programs designed to help change the store's image include: 1. A new advertising campaign in which designer Martha Stewart uses K-mart products to decorate her farmhouse 2. Use of pro golfer Fuzzy Zoeller in ads to promote golf equipment 3. Co-sponsorship of a race car driven by Mario Andretti 4. In-store greeters and a toll-free customer response number. K-mart has also been working to be identified with fashion. Everything the stores carry will be considered fashionable, chic and popular. According to the case study, the efforts towards this goal have been successful. K-mart increased sales by 7.8 percent during 1992. The nature and extent of change will be decided by upper management and formulated in the offices of K-mart's headquarters, where the retailer's management team will evaluate every aspect of the company's operations. A revival is not implausible. After all, K-mart follows in the footsteps of such chains as Sears, JCPenney, and Montgomery Ward, all of which have accomplished turnaround feats of impressive magnitude. But despite the evidence of past turnarounds by similarly beleaguered chains, the thought of K-mart making such a radical change successfully seems remote. After all, generations of customers have the image of K-mart as a cheap discount store burned into their brains. The "blue light specials" invoke images of desperate shoppers madly running into or over each other to get their special buy. That image will most easily be changed in the children of K-marts present shoppers. K-mart's chief attribute in the highly competitive discount store arena is convenient locations. Unfortunately, location alone may not be enough for the Troy, Michigan-based retailer that invented discount store retailing 33 years ago. K-mart needs more; it needs a new focus and a new image, and it needs them quickly. At a similarly difficult juncture in Sears' history, the Chicago-based retailer had more going for it than does K-mart. Sears chairman Ed Brennan hired a well-respected chief executive, Arthur Martinez, who executed a masterful turnaround program. Martinez instituted the successful "Softer Side of Sears" ad campaign; sold off Sears' huge franchise-making but money-losing catalog operation and redirected catalog customers into the stores; emphasized credit opportunities through the company's Sears charge; and stressed the retailer's golden reputation with consumers in hard

200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs

200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs Homonyms are two or more words that have the same sound or  spelling  but differ in  meaning. Homophones- which means same sounds in Latin- are two or more words, such as  knew  and  new  or  meat  and  meet, that are  pronounced  the same but differ in  meaning, origin, and often  spelling. Homographs, meanwhile, are words that have the same  spelling  but differ in origin, meaning, and sometimes  pronunciation, such as the verb  bear  (to carry or endure) and the noun  bear  (the animal with a shaggy coat). Words that fall under any of these three categories often confuse readers and writers alike. But they need not perplex you: Understanding the meaning of these three grammatical terms and, especially, being able to recognize them can help clear up any confusion. A list of some of the most common  homonyms, homophones,  and  homographs can help any writer use these words correctly and any reader or listener recognize them when they occur. Homonyms, Homophones, and  Homographs   Here is a listing of some the most common homonyms, homophones, and  homographs. The first column contains homonyms in alphabetical order, while the second and third columns list the corresponding homonym, homophone, or homograph as applicable. accept - take in except - other than ad - advertisement add - join, combine advice - guidance advise - recommend aid - assist, assistance aide - one who gives assistance ail - to suffer poor health ale - a beverage air - atmosphere ere - before heir - one who inherits property aisle - a passage I'll - contraction of I will isle - island allusion - an indirect reference illusion - false appearance altar - table in a church alter - to change ate - past tense of eat eight - the number 8 bail - to clear water bail - release of a prisoner bale - a large bundle band - a ring, something that binds band - a group banned - prohibited bare - uncovered bear - large animal bear - support, yield bases - starting points bases - four stations on a baseball field basis - a basic principle beat - to strike, overcome beat - exhausted beet - a plant with red roots blew - past tense of blow blue - the color bread - baked food item bred - produced buy - purchase by - near, through bye - goodbye capital - punishable by death capital - chief city capitol - building where legislature meets ceiling - top of a room sealing - setting, fastening cell - compartment sell - vend cent - penny coin scent - an odor sent - past tense of send cereal - breakfast food serial - sequential chews - gnaws with teeth choose - to select Chile- country in South America chili - bean stew chilly - frosty chord - musical tone cord - rope cite - quote site - location sight - view close - opposite of open clothes - clothing coarse - rough course - path, procedure complement – enhance; go together compliment - praise conduct - behavior conduct - to lead council - committee counsel - guidance creak - squeak creek - stream of water crews - gangs cruise - ride on a boat days - plural of day daze - stun dear - darling deer- woodland animal desert - to abandon desert - dry land dessert - after-dinner treat dew - morning mist do - operate due - payable die - cease to exist dye - color discreet - tactful discrete - distinct doe - female dear dough - uncooked bread dual - double duel - battle elicit - draw out illicit - illegal eminent - distinguished imminent - soon ewe - female sheep you - second-person personal pronoun eye - sight organ I - first-person personal pronoun facts - true things fax - a document transmitted via telephone fair - equal fare - price fairy - elflike creature with wings ferry - boat faze - impact phase - stage feat - achievement feet - plural of foot find - to discover fined - charged a penalty fir - type of tree fur - animal hair flea - small biting insect flee - run flew - did fly flu - illness flour - powdery, ground up grain flower - blooming plant for - on behalf of fore - front four - three plus one forth - onward fourth - number four foreword - introduction to a book forward - advancing gene - a chromosome jean - fabric; pants gorilla - big ape guerrilla - warrior grease - fat Greece - country in Europe groan - moan grown - form of grow hair - head covering hare - rabbit-like animal hall - passageway haul - tow halve - cut in two parts have - possess hay - animal food hey - interjection to get attention heal - mend heel - back of foot hear - to listen here - at this place hi - hello high - up far hoarse - croaky horse - riding animal hole - opening whole - entire holey - full of holes holy - divine wholly - entirely hoarse - rough voice horse - animal hour - sixty minutes our - belonging to us knead - massage need - desire knew - did know new - not old knight - feudal horseman night - evening knot - tied rope not - negative know - have knowledge no - opposite of yes lead - metal led - was the leader leased - past tense of lease least - the minimum lessen - make smaller lesson - class loan - lend lone - solitary made - did make maid - servant mail - postage male - opposite of female marry - to wed merry - very happy meat - animal protein meet - encounter mince - to chop finely mints - type of sweet morning - a.m. mourning - remember the dead none - not any nun - woman who takes special vows oar - boat paddle or - otherwise ore - mineral oh - expression of surprise or awe owe - be obligated one - single won - did win overdo - do too much overdue - past due date pail - bucket pale - not bright pain - hurt pane - window glass peace - calm piece - segment peak – highest point peek - glance patience - being willing to wait patients - person treated in a hospital or by a doctor pear - a type of fruit pair - two (usually matching) plain - ordinary plane - flight machine plane; flat surface pole - post poll - survey poor - not rich pour - make flow pray - implore God prey - quarry principal - most important principle - belief rain – water from sky rein - bridle rap - tap wrap - drape around read - past tense of the verb to read red - color real - factual reel - roll right - correct; not left write - scribble ring - encircle wring - squeeze road - street rode - past tense of ride role - function roll - rotate rose - flower rows - lines sail - move by wind power sale - bargain price scene - landscape seen - viewed sea - ocean segment see - observe with eyes seam - joining edge seem - appear sew - connect with thread so - as a result sow - plant soar - ascend sore - hurt place sole - single soul - essence son - male child sun - the star that lights the solar system some - a few sum - amount stair - step stare - to look at steadily steal - swipe steel - alloy suite - large room in a hotel sweet - the opposite of sour tail - animal’s appendage tale - story their - belonging to them there - at that place they’re - they are threw - past tense of throw through - passing from one place to another to - toward too - also two - the number 2 toe - foot appendage tow - pull along vary - differ very - wail - howl wail - howl whale - huge sea mammal waist - area below ribs waste - squander wait – kill time weight - measurable load war - battle wore - did wear warn - caution worn - used way - path weigh - measure mass we - us wee - tiny weak - not strong week - seven days wear - to don attire where - question word weather - climate whether - if which - that witch - sorcerer wood - material coming from trees would - conditional auxiliary your - belonging to you you’re - you are Practice Using Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs Complete each of the following sentences by filling in the blank with the correct word. Youll find the answers at the end of the exercise. To heighten interest, all of the sentences are quotes from various authors writings in books and magazine articles published over the years. Feel free to use the previous table to help you if you get stumped. â€Å"He simply sat down on the ledge and forgot everything _____ [accept or  except]  the marvelous mystery.†- Lawrence Sargent HallI live in the Oakland Hills in a tiny house on a street so windy you can’t drive more than ten miles per hour. I rented it because the _____ [ad or add]  said this: Small house in the trees with a garden and a fireplace. Dogs welcome, of course.- Pam HoustonFrancis wondered what _____  [advice or  advise]  a psychiatrist would have for him.- John CheeverThe _____ [aid or aide] gets out of the way, picking her skirt out of the rubble of children at her feet.- Rosellen BrownHe seemed to want to  recapture the cosseted feeling  hed had when hed been sick as a child and she would serve him flat ginger _____  [ail or  ale], and toast soaked in cream, and play endless card games with him, using his blanket-covered legs as a table.- Alice Elliott DarkHe sat down and leaned forward, pulling  the chairs rear legs into the _____ [air,  ere, or heir]  so that the waitress could get by.- Stanley Elkins [T]he stewardess was moving down the _____ [aisle, Ill, or isle],  like a trained nurse taking  temperatures in a hospital ward, to see that they were all properly strapped in for the take-off.- Martha GellhornMrs. Parmenter laughed at his _____ [allusion or illusion]  to their summer at Mrs. Sterretts, in Rome, and gave him her coat to hold.- Willa CatherIn the long years between, she had  fashioned many fine dresses- gowned gay girls for their conquests and robed fair brides for the _____ [altar or alter].- Mary LernerOn a Saturday morning soon after he came to live with her, he  turned over her garbage while she  was at the grocery store and _____ [ate or eight]  rancid bacon drippings out of a small Crisco can.- Pam DurbanThe barn was bigger than a church,  and  the falls fresh hay _____ [bails or  bales]  were stacked to the roof in the side mows.- John UpdikeHer  two spare dresses were gone, her comb was gone, her checkered coat was gone, and so was the mauve hair-_____ [band or banned] with a mauve bow that had been her hat.- Vladimir Nabokov Without the shelter of those  trees, there is a great exposure- back yards, clotheslines, woodpiles, patchy sheds and barns and privies- all _____ [bare or bear], exposed, provisional looking.- Alice MunroThis was the time when outfields were larger than they are today and well-hit balls would roll for a long time,  giving  runners ample time  to round the _____ [bases or basis]  for a home  run.- Deidre Silva and Jackie KoneyThe conductor had his  knotted signal cord to pull, and the motorman _____ [beat or beet] the foot gong with his mad heel.- Saul BellowNancy held the cup to her mouth and _____ [blew or blue] into the cup.- William FaulknerA pigeon landed nearby.  It  hopped on its little red feet  and pecked into something that might have been a dirty piece of stale _____ [bread or bred] or dried mud.- Isaac Bashevis SingerHe was wearing a new  hat of a pretty biscuit shade, for it never occurred to him to _____ [buy, by, or bye] anything of a practic al color; he had put it on for the first time and the rain was spoiling it.- Katherine Anne Porter Answers to the Exercise 1. except  2. ad  3. advice  4.  aide  5. ale  6. air  7. aisle  8. allusion  9. altar  10. ate  11. bales  12. band  13. bare  14. bases  15. beat  16. blew  Ã‚  17. bread  18. buy Sources Hall, Lawrence Sargent. The Ledge. The Hudson Review, 1960.Houston, Pam. Waltzing the Cat. Washington Square Press, 1999, New York.Cheever, John. The Country Husband. The New Yorker, 1955.Brown, Rosellen. How to Win. The Massachusetts Review, 1975.Dark, Alice Elliott. In the Gloaming. The New Yorker. 1994.Elkins, Stanley. Criers and Kibitzers, Kibitzers and Criers. Perspective, 1962.Gellhorn, Martha. Miami-New York. The Atlantic Monthly, 1948.Cather, Willa. Double Birthday.  Uncle Valentine and Other Stories. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Neb., 1986.Lerner, Mary. Little Selves. The Atlantic Monthly, 1915.Durban, Pam. Soon. The Southern Review, 1997.Updike,  John. My Fathers Tears and Other Stories. Knopf, 2009, New York.Nabokov, Vladimir That in Aleppo Once... The Atlantic Monthly, 1944.Munro, Alice. Meneseteung. The New Yorker, 1989.Silva, Deidre, and Koney, Jackie. It Takes More Than Balls: The Savvy Girls Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Baseball. Skyhorse, 2008, N ew York. Bellow, Saul. A Silver Dish. The New Yorker, 1979.Faulkner, William. That Evening Sun Go Down. The American Mercury, 1931.Singer, Isaac Bashevis. The Key.  A Friend of Kafka. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979, New York.Katherine Anne Porter, Theft. The Gyroscope, 1930.

Smallest Capital Cities in the United States

Smallest Capital Cities in the United States The United States of America is made up of 50 individual states and one national capital city - Washington, D.C. Each state has its own capital city where the center of the states government exists. These state capitals vary in size but all are important to how politics operate in the states. Some of the largest state capitals in the U.S. are Phoenix, Arizona with a city population of over 1.6 million people (this makes it the largest U.S. state capital by population) as well as Indianapolis, Indiana, and Columbus, Ohio. There are many other capital cities in the U.S. that are much smaller than these large cities. The following is a list of the ten smallest capital cities in the U.S. For reference, the state that they are in, along with the population of the states largest city has also been included. All population numbers were obtained from Citydata.com and are representative of July 2009 population estimates. 1.Montpelier Population: 7,705 State: Vermont Largest City: Burlington (38,647) 2.Pierre Population: 14,072 State: South Dakota Largest City: Sioux Falls (157,935) 3.Augusta Population: 18,444 State: Maine Largest City: Portland (63,008) 4. Frankfort Population: 27,382 State: Kentucky Largest City: Lexington-Fayette (296,545) 5.Helena Population: 29,939 State: Montana Largest City: Billings (105,845) 6.Juneau Population: 30,796 State: Alaska Largest City: Anchorage (286,174) 7.Dover Population: 36,560 State: Delaware Largest City: Wilmington (73,069) 8. Annapolis Population: 36,879 State: Maryland Largest City: Baltimore (637,418) 9. Jefferson City Population: 41,297 State: Missouri Largest City: Kansas City (482,299) 10. Concord Population: 42,463 State: New Hampshire Largest City: Manchester (109,395)

Adult Learners in Higher Education and Training Assignment

Adult Learners in Higher Education and Training - Assignment Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wherever these basic principles can be spotted, the contract-learning tool can be effectively put to use. According to Knowles, students that are used to a more conventional style of learning may have troubles in adjusting to contract to learn. They will need to reorient themselves to get the most out of their learning contract. These students are usually those who have a habit of following orders and directions from others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contract learning demands from the students to demonstrate conceptual skills to establish evidence or proof of their learning. Contract learning allows adults to choose the area of learning that they are more interested in. This option of exercising personal choice in learning appears to contribute towards productive learning. As a result, individuals develop their own learning skills through contract learning. By writing business proposals professionally. The moment I will get paid to write a business proposal will be a good indication that I have learned about it.  Currently taking online quizzes on employee motivation and scoring satisfactorily is a good indication.  By motivating my friends and colleagues in their respective professional fields.

Australian law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Australian law - Essay Example If a professional adviser is found to knowingly having provided or failed to provide information that exposes the advisee to incur any losses or damages on their part, this considered to be a breach of duty. All professionals are generally held to an established and reasonable standard of basic care and professionalism. Professionals are generally required to have the necessary learning and skill that is seen to be commonly processed by members who happen to be held in good standing within their basic profession.2 However, any lack of the proper degree of training, failure by the professional to attempt to follow up on a client’s progress, failure to remain appropriately conversant with any new emerging discoveries in the field, or failure to refer to a specialist in the event that it proves to be necessary can all be seen to constitute of negligence.3 As exemplified in the line of reasoning followed in the Hedley Byrne ruling, when an adviser communicates information to an ad visee in order that the information might be used for a generally described or particularly specified purpose, and the advisee acts on this advice to his detriment, the adviser is found to fundamentally be guilty of negligence.4 Effects of Donoghue V Stevenson (1932) A decision by the British house of commons in 1932 concerning the alleged presence of a snail inside a ginger beer bottle is commonly perceived to be the best known judgment in the entire common law world. It is widely regarded as the primary foundation law of negligence throughout the entire British Commonwealth.5 Although the ruling of Donoghue V Stevenson (1932), was initially mostly applied to judgments pertaining to manufacturers and the duty of care that they happened to owe the various consumers of their products it was eventually seen to have wider relevance beyond manufacturer liability. In the ruling, Atkins was seen to assert that a duty to exercise case was actually owed to all persons who might be directly affected by one’s actions or omissions that happen to be called in question.6 This is seen to critically affect the liability of all professional advisers as in their event that they provide questionable information that eventually proves to be detrimental to the advisee, they are then effectively held viable for court action. The Effects of Hedley Byrne v. Heller (1963) The Hedley Byrne v. Heller (1963) greatly impacted the overall liability of professional advisers as it was the first decision to recognize the possibility of there being a liability for want can be perceived to be purely economic loss that is not dependent on there being a contractual relationship, for negligent statements. This was seen to affect advisers as any information that they may happen to give while not bound to any contractual agreement can also be seen to create duty of care as it might be relied upon by the advisee in determining whether to enter into a contract.7 Recent Developments in Australi an High Court There have been a number of recent developments in Australia pertaining to the case of professional negligence, in Astley v Austrust Ltd,

Competitive Advantage Of Vodafone Over Other Telecom Players Marketing Essay

Competitive Advantage Of Vodafone Over Other Telecom Players Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION A Company is said to have a competitive advantage if it can sustain a profit that exceeds the average of the industry .According to Michael Porter there are two basic types of competitive advantage:- Cost Advantage:-when a company is able to deliver the same benefits as provided by their competitors at a lower cost. Differentiation Advantage:-when a company delivers benefits that exceeds the benefits provided by their competitors. There are 4 generic business strategies in order to gain competitive advantage over others. The four strategies are described in the figure shown below. Differentiation Cost COST LEADER DIFFEREN TIATION LEADER leader Broad DIFFERENTIATION FOCUSER COST FOCUSER Narrow Strategy Differentiation In this strategy one or more criteria used for selection by buyers in a market are chosen and then a business plan is used to uniquely meet those criteria. Mostly companies come up with plan that associates with charging a premium price for the product that often reflect the higher production costs and extra value-added features provided to the consumer. Differentiation is about charging a premium price that more than covers the additional production costs, and about giving customers clear reasons to prefer the product over other, less differentiated products.(David Jobber) Vodafone came up with differentiation strategy when they launched I phone service, even though they were charging their customer more than their competitors but they still got the edge over others by offering free Vodafone to Vodafone calls for life time calls and better network strength compared to other competitors. Strategy Cost Leadership In this strategy companys main objective is to be lowest cost producer in the industry. If the achieved selling price can be at least equal (or near)the average for the market, then the lowest-cost producer will (in theory) enjoy the best profits. This strategy is usually associated with large-scale businesses offering standard products with relatively little differentiation that are perfectly acceptable to the majority of customers. Occasionally, a low-cost leader will also discount its product to maximize sales, particularly if it has a significant cost advantage over the competition and, in doing so, it can further increase its market share. Vodafone has started Home Cell tariff for its Metro Digital service. In this offer off-peak calls from a specified location (such as office) for 5 pence (8 cents) a minute were provided. By launching this they have clearly scored a cost advantage over others like O2,3,orange. Strategy Differentiation Focus In this strategy company aims to differentiate within just one or a small number of target market segments. The special customer needs of the segment mean that there are opportunities to provide products that are clearly different from competitors who may be targeting a broader group of customers. The important issue for any company adopting this strategy is to understand that what customers really needs and wants in other words that there is a valid basis for differentiation and that existing competitor products are not meeting those needs and wants. Vodafone introduced One Net, a hosted fixed and mobile voice service for SMEs . this move is regarded as to be very effective move for Vodafone as Vodafones model is to charge per user, per month and claims the total One Net solution can be 15%-20% cheaper than SMEs pay for typical services currently. Strategy Cost Focus In this strategy a company seeks a lower-cost advantage in just one or a small number of market segments. The product will be basic perhaps a similar product to the higher-priced and featured market leader, but acceptable to sufficient consumers. Out of these 4 strategies differentiation and cost leadership strategies operates in broad range of market to get a competitive advantage over other competitors .By contrast, differentiation focus and cost focus strategies are adopted in narrow market to gain edge over others. Why do so many people choose Vodafone? First of all Vodafone operates in all 3 segments of market i.e they have targeted low level ,middle level and high level market which not only make it open to large market but also gives a competitive advantage over the other major telecom players . Secondly they have put in large investments on strengthening their network so that their customers can make more calls more places and there on they can have an advantage over others by winning costumers confidence over quality and reliability of their services . Thirdly they have reduced their effective cost by approximately 5 times in last the 3 years so that they can provide better value for money to their customers which in turn gives them a edge over other telecom giants. And of lately they have kept a focused on customers services in order to maintain high standards of customer satisfaction. In addition to above points Vodafone understands the change in market requirements with time and have always tried to come up with new innovative idea to attract more and more costumers for example:-of lately they have understood the need to penetrate in business organizations for which they have started 3 new plans which are as follows:- For small business:- This plan concentrates at those costumers which are sole traders or those who are running a family firm or those who are working in a growing enterprise because it offers business phone and accessories at great value price for calls ,e mail and mobile broadband. For medium sized and large sized business:- This plan concentrates at organization more than 100 to 1000 employees .This aims at providing low call cost and flexible working with in a integrated network. This plan also aims at transforming the business communication with solutions that makes communication more agile and more productive than ever before. For Public Sector:-Vodafone has been working with public sector for more than last 20 years as they are approved supplier in OGC(Office of Government Commerce) frame work. Vodafone has transformed the public service delivery by providing more flexibly and efficient working solutions. Besides targeting the business sector they have also started new services on which none of their competitor has focus on yet, like disability services .They were quick enough to notice the increasing complexity in technology and introduced new phone which are easy to use which in turn has opened a all new market for them ,for those who like their things to be simple or are disabled this offer by Vodafone is very lucrative. VODAFONE MARKET SHARE v NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total United Kingdom 67,680,000 67,437,525 68,066,300 70,626,527 74,375,797 76,067,605 3 (Hutchison) GBRHU 3,358,000 3,473,925 3,386,000 3,633,527 3,883,597 4,410,105 O2 (Telefonica) GBRCN 15,981,000 16,340,600 16,814,300 17,751,000 19,075,200 20,416,500 Orange GBROR 14,858,000 14,958,000 14,951,000 15,097,000 15,756,000 15,850,000 T-Mobile GBRME 17,158,000 16,361,000 16,730,000 16,734,000 17,124,000 16,675,000 Vodafone GBRVF 16,325,000 16,304,000 16,185,000 17,411,000 18,537,000 18,716,000 Contract United Kingdom 22,100,360 22,113,120 22,546,152 24,096,237 26,883,502 30,578,828 3 (Hutchison) GBRHU 1,880,480 1,945,398 1,953,462 2,164,714 2,435,002 2,993,888 O2 (Telefonica) GBRCN 5,502,000 5,686,200 5,873,800 6,298,000 7,015,000 8,698,500 Orange GBROR 4,977,430 4,891,266 4,731,000 4,970,000 5,722,000 6,298,000 T-Mobile GBRME 3,439,000 3,248,000 3,611,000 3,821,000 3,861,000 4,109,000 Virgin Mobile (Virgin Media) 435,700 712,300 Vodafone GBRVF 6,301,450 6,342,256 6,376,890 6,842,523 7,414,800 7,767,140 Prepaid United Kingdom 45,579,640 45,324,405 45,520,148 46,530,291 51,243,295 51,306,777 3 (Hutchison) GBRHU 1,477,520 1,528,527 1,432,538 1,468,814 1,448,595 1,416,217 O2 (Telefonica) GBRCN 10,479,000 10,654,400 10,940,500 11,453,000 11,388,000 11,718,000 Orange GBROR 9,880,570 10,066,734 10,220,000 10,127,000 10,034,000 9,552,000 Tesco Mobile 1,800,000 T-Mobile GBRME 13,719,000 13,113,000 13,119,000 12,913,000 13,263,000 12,566,000 Virgin Mobile (Virgin Media) 3,987,500 3,305,700 Vodafone GBRVF 10,023,550 9,961,744 9,808,110 10,568,477 11,122,200 10,948,860 Vodafone has second largest market share in UK telecom market .As per the details shown in the table above total number of connection provided by Vodafone(19,114,000) are second largest, next to O2 (21,299,300).Vodafone is planning to buy T-mobile which would give them sole market share of around 40% after which they will be the market leaders by far leaving O2 behind(financial times).Table shown below compares all the network provider on basis of number of connections provided in last 5 years of time spam .From which we can easily interpret that Vodafone in UK is second largest network at the moment and as per their plan if the T-mobile take over by Vodafone takes place they are going to the largest network in UK market leaving other telecom players far behind them.

Oliver Twist Essay

Oliver Twist is the second novel written by Charles Dickens. It is all about Oliver who was an orphan living the world of crimes in London. The novel was published in Bentley’s Miscellany in a monthly basis. George Cruikshank was the illustrator of the said novel. Criticisms and opinions were gathered y Dickens as introducing the world of crimes. He exposed to the world the life of criminals and prostitutes. With this criticisms and comments, he took the opportunity of presenting a good view of his composition. He did not take the critics in a negative way. Among the works of Dickens, Oliver twist is the presented in a dramatic form. Oliver twist appears in series of novel in 10 theaters in London. The novel was also made with 25 numbers of versions since it started in 1906. The Famous Roman Polanski was the also made his own version of Oliver Twist. In the Oliver Twist, Oliver was an infant born in a workshop. After the adaptation of Oliver, he the came to an infant farm where he came o develop himself and then get back to the working place. Orphans were put to the workhouse to get their selves a home to get into. In the workplace, the orphans were experiencing the inhumane and mistreatment. With these mistreatments, the orphans were put into starvation. Oliver was asked to stand before his comrades to talk with their masters about the issue. Troublemaker is also named or recognized after Oliver. He does some job for other person who wishes to take him (Dickens, 2003). Oliver outside the workplace life was uneasy at first. He was so tired and hungry. He didn’t expect that life was also misery. Jack Dawkins is one of the persons who help Oliver by giving him a place to stay. Even though, he was recently together with thieves, he was still finds people who help him. As he stays with Dawkins, he also works with him. He came to the world of pick pocketers. With his work with Dawkins, he was also accused for some crimes. With the crimes being accused for him, he came to experience the world of criminals and prostitutes. He had himself put into a world where there are many negative insights. The life of Oliver really became a misery when he came with the criminals and do some criminal works. His life was also nearly put to death when he once put into criminal work when he was shot. With this misery life of Oliver he came to know about his family roots. He came to know who his brother is. He talks with Maylies and Doctor Losberne about his misery life. He had a brother who is a monk and he was claimed to be an inherited to a monk. Oliver was also an inheritor of an estate which his father wrote in will before his father died. And because of this they wanted to have the inheritance of Oliver. In the end, Oliver made a life of good after he had also got the inheritance. Oliver Twist is of the great novel of Dickens. The novel presented a story of humor and wit. The novel is of poverty mode and of cruelty. Oliver Twist may e given recognition for his thoughts about the world and its great creativity of story. With this Novel of Dickens, he used some world views. He relates the Novel with religion world view. He uses some facts with the monks when tackling about the religion. He discussed that eve though the family of Oliver was of different religions, they were still putting the peace on their heart. With respect to the political view, the politics in the novel represents some deficiencies of the true form of politics in the whole wide world. It was presented and explained on the novel how the politics is some sort of injustice. The real politics and politics in this novel are neither really similar nor different. In the geographical view, the novel was situated in way that the geographical mode is of the same way with the time of the novel was presented. It was situated in a community where people experienced difficulties with respect to community of criminals ad prostitutes. The people in the novel were creating a way that the geographic position of the community is essential. Tackling with the social view, the author speaks for the truth about the social community. It is explained in the novel that people need other people to survive in the community. People are born for other people. No man is an island. In order to survive the cruelty of the world, one person should have great communication and social interactions with other people. And last but not the least, about the economic view. One of the great topics in this novel is about the economic view. It is presented here that in life of poverty and scruelty; people were doing unnecessary things just to make their life into fulfillment. People may do some crimes and other illegal works just to survive in the low economized community. The use of providing great world issues in the Novel is a way to provide creativity with the said religion, political, economical, social and geographical ways. The author, Charles Dickens have very wide thought about the current issues I his time that he came to develop a novel with story that relates to the whole wide world. I is necessary for him that he even does not have good experiences in writing had no acclaimed awards for his works he still make it expressive for him to provide meaningful Novel. The Novel in particular was really fascinating for the story it provides is viewers or readers, it catches most of the reader’s attention. It does not need o make some more great speculations for the story to make it interesting. It was interesting in many ways. With its thoughts and ideas, it is still interesting. List of Reference Dickens, C. Oliver Twist. New York. Penguin Books; 2003.

Application Of A Continuous Learning Management - 770 Words

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Racial Diversity And The School System - 1769 Words

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